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ISLAM

Islam, Arab. devotion, is a strict monotheistic religion, the Oneness of God (tawhid), based on ethical laws founded by the prophet Mohamed (ca. 622 AD). The Islam belongs to the Abrahamic religions and is therefore closely related to Christianity, and Judaism.

Principles

The fundamental creed of the Islam are the Two Testimonies (Shahadah)

"I testify that there is none worthy of worship except God (Arabic:Allah) and I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of God."

Furthermore, a devoted Muslim has to follow the laws of the Qu'ran and to perform

  • five daily prayers (Salat)
  • fasting (Sawm in the month of Ramadan)
  • active charity (Zakat)
  • at least one pilgrimage (Hajj) to Mekka

Teachings

Sunnits

Sunnism is based on the Sunna which means the original teachings of the prophet Mohammed. The Sunnits are the largest group of the Islam.

Shiits

The Shi'a Islam separated from the Sunni Islam by the argument of Muhammad succession. The Shi'a Muslims recognize the succession of Ali, Muhammad's cousin, as opposed to that of the caliphate recognized by Sunni Muslims. Shi`a Muslims believe that Ali was appointed successor by Muhammad's direct order on many occasions, and that he is therefore the rightful leader of the Muslim faith pursuant to the Prophet's wishes. The Shiits are the second largest group of the Islam.

Ancient Texts

The Qu'ran, contains teachings and ethical laws of the Islam. The Qur'an is considered by Muslims to be the literal, undistorted word of God. Another source are the Hadith which are traditions relating to the words and deeds of the prophet Muhammad.



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